![]() Over the last 30 years, fallow times have fallen from 15 to 5 to 7 years and, in some places, to 2 to 4 years, reducing the intervals between fires and making soil resilience difficult ( Hattori et al., 2019 Hattori, D. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 100: 1142-1154. Long fallows allow soil regeneration in slash-and-burn agriculture. Several studies have shown that the price of increasing demographic pressure and agricultural modernization is a reduction in fallow times in the slash-and-burn system around the world ( Lintemani et al., 2020 Lintemani, M.G. Subsistence farmers have used the traditional slash-and-burn agricultural system for decades, a practice that will continue since a significant portion of the food produced on the planet is currently subjected to this process. The surface litter seems to exert a more significant influence on the burning severity than the biomass load cut for burning, suggesting that the characteristics of the litter layer on the surface should be better characterized in future studies on fire severity. The sandier soils showed greater thermal conductivity at depth. The peak temperature reduction in the 5 cm layer was 88 % compared to the surface and 30 % compared to the 2.5 cm layer. Overall, the peak temperatures ranged from 32 to 673 ✬ across the three depths. The peak temperature showed more significant variations in the surface (0 cm) of different soils and different types of regeneration vegetation in each area. Temperature data were measured in burnt areas with similar fallow times at the following soil depths 0 2.5 and 5 cm and compared with secondary data from other studies in the same slash-and-burn system in southern Brazil. The aim of this study was to make an analytical comparison of the variation in the temperature reached in the soil during fires in slash-and-burn agriculture. The variation in temperature during fires results in different levels of physical, chemical, and biological changes in the soil, which makes it necessarily better to understand the dynamics of fire severity in this system. Slash-and-burn is a traditional agricultural system still widely used in Brazil.
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